Baker+Ch.8+Study+Guide

=__Capter 8 study guide__=

==__**Peter Salem**__: African American who fught at the battel of bunker hill with the minutemen in concord. He received his discharge in 1870. Peter Salem was born a slave to Jeremiah Belknap at Framingham, Massachusetts about 1750. He was originally owned by Captain Jeremiah Belknap. Salem was named by Belknap for his own hometown of Salem, Massachusetts. He made a living by weaving and making baskets and by making and weaving cane bottoms for chairs. In 1783, he married Katy Benson. Salem died in the poorhouse in Framingham, Massachusetts in 1816. He is buried in the Old Burying Ground.==

__**Second Continental Congress:**__
==The **Second Continental Congress** was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun.The Second Continental Congress was presided over by John Hancock.==

==__**Battle of Yorktown:**__The Battle of Yorktown was one of the last battles of the American Reviloution. It first started months earlier when Cornwallis made an unauthorized move north to Virginia. There his army joined with other British troops and planned an attack. The Battle of Yorktownis also named the Siege of Yorktown, is recognized as one of the most worst military actions in history. On September 28 the 16,000 French and American troops marched into Yorktown. They captured two main redoubts on October 14. The British launched a counterattack but it failed.==

==__**Friedrich von Steuben:**__ September 17, 1730 – November 28, 1794, also referred to as the **Baron von Steuben**, was a Prussian born military officer who served as inspector general and Major General of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Von Steuben was born in Magdeburg fortress where his father was an engineer lieutenant in the military in 1730.He wrote the Revolutionary War Drill Manual//.// In 1764 Steuben became chamberlain to Furst Josef Friedrich Wilhelm of Hohenzollern-Hechingen. In 1769, he started using the title of baron, based on a falsified lineage prepared by his father.On September 26, 1777, the Baron, his Italian greyhound, Azor (which he took with him everywhere), his young aide de camp Louis de Pontiere, his military secretary Pierre Etienne Duponceau, and two other companions, reached Portsmouth, New Hampshire and by December 1, was extravagantly entertained in Boston.==

==__**Treaty of Paris:**__ The Treaty of Paris was sighned on september 3, 1783, ended the reviloutionary war againsed Great Briton. The Declaration of Independance was sighned at hotel d'york.On September 3, Britain also signed separate agreements with France and Spain. The Treaty of Paris is also called the Peace of Paris. In addition to giving formal recognition to the U.S., the nine articles that embodied the treaty: established U.S. boundaries, specified certain fishing rights, allowed creditors of each country to be paid by citizens of the other, restored the rights and property of Loyalists, opened up the Mississippi River to citizens of both nations and provided for evacuation of all British forces.==

==__**Mercenaries:**__A Mercinary is a soldair agreed to work for an army for money. A **mercenary** (**merc** for short), sometimes also called **soldier of fortune**, was a soldier who fought or worked in other ways (mostly in those involving violence) for any faction in exchange for a desirable amount of money.==

==__**Phillis Wheatly:**__ **Phillis Wheatley** 1753 – December 5, 1784 was the first African American poet and first African-American woman whose writings were published. Born in Senegal, Africa she was sold into slavery at the age of seven to John and Susannah Wheatley in Boston.==

==**__Olive Branch Ptition:__** The Olive Branch Petition, drafted on July 5, 1775, was a letter to King George III, from members of the Second Continental Congress.The olive branch petition was signed by representatives of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina on 8 July 1775 and presented to King George III. ==

==**__ George Washington: __** George Washington was born on Febuary 22 1732 to December 14 1799. Born in Westmoreland County, Va., on Feb. 22, 1732, George Washington was the eldest son of Augustine Washington and his second wife, Mary Ball Washington. George spent his early years on the family estate on Pope's Creek along the Potomac River.==

__Battel of Saratoga__: Battel of Saratoga happend on september 19 to October 7 1777. It was one of the wars for independance.
==__**Thomas Jefferson:**__Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence and the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, third president of the United States, and founder of the University of Virginia. His father Peter Jefferson was a successful planter and surveyor and his mother Jane Randolph a member of one of Virginia's most distinguished families.==

__**Mary Slocumb:**__ Mary Slocum was born in North Carolina in 1760. Her family moved about in North Carolina.
==__**Quakers:**__ Quakers are members of the Religious Society of Friends, a faith that emerged as a new Christian denomination in England during a period of religious turmoil in the mid-1600's and is practiced today in a variety of forms around the world.==

==__**Thomas Paine:**__Thomas Paine was born on Febuary 9 1737 to June 8th 1809. Born in Thetford, in the English county of Norfolk, Paine emigrated to the British American colonies in 1774 in time to participate in the American Revolution.==

==__**Thaddeus Kosciuszko:**__ Thaddeus Kosciuszko was born in Poland on February 4, 1746, son of Ludwik and Tekla Kosciuszko. He attended school in Lubieszow and then the Cadet Academy in Warsaw before continuing his engineering studies in Paris, France.==

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