Steinbrecher+Chapter+8+Study+Guide

=Peter Salem= Peter was a black soldier and patriot. He was born a slave in Framingham,MA. His owner was Jeremiah Belknap. Peter was named after his hometown Salem,MA. Back then it was illegal for blacks to serve in the military. When the French and Indian War came he was forced to join. In 1775 the Massachusetts Safety Committee only recruited free blacks.

=Second Continental Congress= When the Redcoats fired into the Boston crowd in 1775,the benefit of doubt was granted. In May of 1775 with the Redcoats storming into Boston again the Second Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia. They agreed that a Continental Army was going to be created. George Washington was commissioned to be supreme commander. He chose to serve without pay.

=Battle of Yorktown= The Battle of Yorktown was in Virginia United States of America. It took place on September 28th to October 18th 1781. The war that it was for was the Revolutionary War. It was between the French and Americans against the British.

=Friedrich von Steuben= In 1763 at the age of 33 he was captain,but he was discharged for no reason. A French minister recommended von Steuben to Ben Franklin.

=Treaty of Paris= The Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3rd,1783. There were three negotiators. They were John Adams,Ben Franklin,and John Jay. They called themselves the tree masters of the game. The treaty is named for its city that it was negotiated and signed in.

=Mercenaries= A Mercenary is a person who owed alligence and/or was a subject to a prince,potentate,power or other sovereign,and who fought for a foreign sovereign.

=Phillis Wheatly= Phillis was a slave in Boston. Her owner was Susannah Wheatly. She was 7 years old at the time. The only memory of her birthplace is her mother pouring water as the sun rose. She learned to speak and write English really quick. The 18 year old daughter of Wheatly's owner taught her. Her name was Mary Wheatly. When she was very young she was kidnapped and enslaved.

=Olive Branch Petition= The Olive Branch Petition was approved by the Continental Congress on July 5th,1775. John Dickinson drafted it. It was submitted to King George on July 8th,1775. King George refused to read the petition on August 23rd. He said that the colonists had proceeded to open an avowed rebellion.

=George Washington= George Washington was born on February 22nd,1732. He died on December 14th,1799. He was the first president of the United States of America. Some people refer to him as the Father of Our Country. He was a distinquished general and commander cheif of the colonial armies of the American Revolution. He married a woman named Martha Dandridge Custis. They lived at Mount Vernon,Washington's plantation in Virginia,Potomac River.

=Battle of Saratoga= The Battle of Saratoga took place on October 17th 1777. It was happening during the Revolutionary War as well as the Battle of Yorktown. Some people call it one of the best battles in history. British soldiers lead by General John Burgoyne. It was a crucial victory by the patriots. It was the turning point of American's.

=Thomas Jefferson= Thomas Jefferson was the of the Declaration of Independence. He was the 3rd president of the United States of America. He was born April 13th 1743 in Shadwell,Virginia. He died July 4th 1826 in Monicello.

=Mary Slocumb= Mary Hooks Slocumb married Ezekiel Slocumb. On Feruary 26th,1776 she quickly got dressed and rode 30 miles by daybreak. Her husband was a Noth Carolina militia.

=Quakers= Quakers were Christians. They were imprisoned and tortued for their beliefs. they are similar in look,practice,and beliefs to typical Protestant churches.

=Thomas Paine= Paine was born in Thetford in Norfolk on January 29th,1737. In London he met Ben Franklin who helped him emigrate to America in October 1774. By the age of 12,Thomas failed school.

=Thaddeus Kosciusko= Thaddeus was born in Poland on February 4th 1746. In 1776 he was a skilled engineer. He is a hero for America and Poland. On October 18th he was commissioned Colonel of Engineers. In 1776 he read the Declaration of Independence. He was in tears after reading it.

=The 4 Parts to the Declaration of Independence= The first part to the Declaration or the introduction was made to tell why the Declaration was needed. The second part was made to explain the colonists' main ideas about the government. The third part of the Declaration was made to tell the government the colonists' grievances or complaints. The third part was also the longest part of the Declaration. The last part of the Declaration was for the colonists' to tell Britain that they were no longer a part of Britain anymore.

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